Young adulthood (19-24 yrs)

Environmental issues have become an increasing concern over the last few decades. Specifically, in Portugal, education on environmental problems has lacked compared with other European countries. In 2016, Portugal resolved to reduce its overall carbon emissions. As a part of that resolution, the country pledged to invest more in environmental education and awareness of the pressing issues of climate change in order to effectively promote environmentally-friendly behaviors in students. Higher education institutions (HEIs) are key in providing education to the next generation of leaders.

In March 2020, countries world-wide responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by implementing lockdowns and strict policies to protect the health and well-being of their citizens. In-person instruction ceased, and teachers and students had to adapt to distance education and virtual technology, which were new informal learning settings. These challenges were exacerbated in education in Galápagos, Ecuador, due to the archipelago's remote location from the mainland, lack of financial and educational resources, and poor internet connectivity.

Geography, the study of the world as a natural system, provides a foundation for environmental education. Past research has suggested three factors influence student attitudes toward a school subject: the student's personal interest in the subject, their expected value of a career in the subject, and their personal aptitude and success in the subject. However, there has been little research on student attitudes toward geography. This paper set out to assess student attitudes toward the school subject of geography in Ghana.

Research has proven the positive impacts of residential outdoor environmental education (ROEE) programs on children and teen participants, however, ROEE programs can similarly impact emerging adult instructors. The programs offer a unique educationally and culturally immersive experience for instructors. Specifically, the experience of influence the identity of short-term ROEE instructors, those who work less than three months or for one season.

Mangroves are vulnerable to climate change impacts and face degradation from human activities such as agriculture, aquaculture, and pollution. It is essential to conserve mangroves and mitigate the impacts to them because they provide an array of ecosystem services.

As climate change becomes more apparent from changes in the natural world, it is urgent that action must be taken. One's environmental attitude influences their environmental concern and willingness to act in climate-friendly ways. To assess the environmental attitudes of undergraduate students at a university in New Zealand, researchers utilized the revised New Ecological Paradigm scale (NEP). The researchers in this study used this scale to discover if a student's time in undergrad affected their environmental attitudes.

Natural hazard mitigation is a rapidly evolving field that requires a range of educational backgrounds and levels of creativity. Geography education is well-positioned to prepare future leaders in natural hazard resilience because of its foundations in empowering students to embrace transdisciplinarity, the integration of various disciplines for problem-solving, and self-discovery while learning and making decisions.

Environmental education (EE) has been practiced in the United States since the early twentieth century and helps students develop environmental literacy and the tools to address global climate issues. As scientists have predicted worsening climate conditions that will negatively impact human health and ecosystems, EE is well-positioned to positively influence students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes, leading to more pro-environmental behaviors over time to collectively reduce the negative impacts of climate change.

Institutions of higher education are positioned to influence students in becoming informed and action-minded citizens for sustainable change. There are studies that inform best pedagogical practice for undergraduates and studies that validate different objectives that college-aged students retain over time. However, there is a lack of inquiry linking curriculum design and learning outcomes.

Engineering is a key discipline for creating climate change solutions through developing materials and structures to combat negative impacts like rising temperatures, flooding, and sea level rise. Though much research has been conducted with middle and high school students to understand opinions of and the willingness to address climate change in future careers, there has been little review of how engineering students in undergraduate programs at universities in the United States regard climate change.