Considerations for reviewing research on outdoor adventure education
Personal and social development (PSD) is the growth of knowledge, skills, and attitudes in learners and is largely discussed as a key benefit of environmental education. PSD can include traits such as increased confidence, trust, teamwork, motivation, social awareness, and pro-environmental behaviors in students. Many studies have used qualitative data to support the long-held claim that outdoor adventure education (OAE) helps participants develop PSD. However, there is growing demand to prove OAE's success in developing PSD quantitatively.