This essay comments on previous work calling for a new look at perceptions of and interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Discussions about ASD often highlight deficiencies and a search for a cure. The author proposes replacing this deficiency-oriented framework with new thinking and new terminology focusing on the strengths of individuals with ASD. He refers to persons with ASD as being neurodiverse instead of deficient; and instead of a “cure,” he recommends the creation of supportive environments. He introduces the term “positive niche construction” as a concept that could be used to guide thinking about what constitutes a supportive environment for individuals with ASD. “Niche construction,” in evolutionary thinking, refers to activities that animals engage in to improve their chances of survival. In this essay, the author offers some ideas on how to improve the quality of life for individuals with ASD and increase their chances of thriving in the 21st century.
Some of the strengths of individuals with ASD are associated with high naturalist intelligence. Howard Gardner – who first introduced the idea of naturalist intelligence – indicates that individuals high in this area of intelligence can recognize and classify numerous species, are comfortable in the world of organisms, and may have the talent for interacting with various living creatures. These strengths could be used to create supportive environments for individuals with ASD. Pets could be a part of the supportive environment, along with opportunities to be immersed in and interact with nature. Another recommendation is to conduct therapy sessions and other activities outside, as outdoor environments tend to promote communication, interaction, physical activity, cognition, and the emotions. Outdoor environments also tend to decrease autistic sensitivity and can offer solace for individuals with ASD.
This essay, then, adds another voice to the call for a better understanding and support of the positive attributes of individuals with ASD, with particular attention to their naturalist intelligence. This approach recognizes the healing balm of nature as a resource which can be especially helpful for individuals with special needs.
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