Positive role models and mentors have an important role to play in promoting pro-environmental behaviorsThis article examines the motivations and barriers to pro-environmental behavior for individuals and groups. It also discusses the role of outdoor educators and outdoor experiences in promoting such behavior. The discussion is framed around social learning theory and emphasizes role modelling, mentoring, and sustainable practice as key contributors to fostering pro-environmental behaviors.
Social learning theory includes the idea that people learn behaviors by observing others. This theory supports the utilization of role models and mentors in educational programs designed to influence the behaviors of children and youth. Research also supports this approach. Studies have shown that knowledge alone tends to be ineffective in promoting a change in behavior, including pro-environmental behaviors. The most successful outcomes have been achieved in situations where role models provide support and mentoring to the students. Cooper’s framework – based on awareness, empowerment and commitment -- is one approach that might be used along with mentoring to promote a change in behavior.
Some residential and other outdoor education centers raise awareness of environmental sustainability through such practices as composting and minimizing motor vehicle use. While these practices can help raise awareness of environmental sustainability, educators can enhance students’ awareness by serving as role models and mentors in supporting and implementing such practices. Through role modelling, mentoring, and coaching, educators can also promote students’ sense of empowerment and commitment to sustainability. Effective mentorship provides benefits for both the mentor and mentee. The mentee gains increased confidence and skill, while the mentor experiences renewed enthusiasm. Such experiences reinforce a belief in the efficacy of practice and values as they relate to environmental sustainability.
There are times when barriers to participation in environmentally friendly practices need to be addressed before values can be translated into action. For some people, a commitment to action depends on such factors as cost, convenience and effort. These concerns may be obstacles to a radical lifestyle shift; yet, an increase in pro-environmental behaviors can serve as important steps towards the realization of a long-term sustainable lifestyle. Positive role models and mentors have a role to play in encouraging such pro-environmental behaviors.
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