Presented in this article is a new theoretical approach to studying the benefits of family-based nature activities (FBNA). Also presented is the argument that participation in FBNA can serve as a pathway for positive family functioning more so than other types of leisure contexts. Both the approach and the argument are developed around two existing frameworks: attention-restoration theory (ART) and family routines and rituals (RR). Highlighted, as well, is the importance of considering the family as the unit of analysis in nature-based research.
Family leisure is defined as two or more individuals who identify each other as family spending free time together or participating in recreational activities. With FBNA, the focus is on family leisure activities in settings where participants are outside and directly engaging with real, tangible elements of the natural environment. Such activities include camping, fishing, and hiking; and the settings include such natural environments as parks, gardens, or backyards.
The argument is made that integrating the concepts of ART and family RR can be beneficial in studying the processes involved in FBNA. ART provides insights into how interaction with the natural environment can reduce mental fatigue and restore attentional functioning. These benefits, in turn, can lead to enhanced family functioning. Also proposed for enhancing the study of FBNA is attention to RR which can affect family functioning in ways that connect family members, reinforce affective connections, and encourage intimacy.
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