Biophilic design can be applied to vertical schools in hot-humid climates to create learning environments that foster student developmentA concern addressed in this study relates to the reduced time children spend in nature, leading to an increasingly inactive lifestyle with negative impacts on their health and well-being. The study was based on the understanding that the application of biophilic design to vertical schools would offer numerous benefits to children, including higher levels of physical activity and social interactions. The study was specifically concerned about vertical (multistory) schools in hot–humid climatic regions. The aim of the study was to develop a set of guidelines for designing active spaces with an integration of nature in vertical schools.
The study used a review of the literature and case study analyses to develop the guidelines. The review of the literature focused on learning theories, the integration of learning environments with nature, and biophilic design. Six exemplary schools were used as case studies, with each representing a distinct pedagogical model and architectural approach. The case studies focused specifically on active spaces that impact student well-being. These active spaces were referred to as “mediated spaces” and defined as “spaces where interaction between indoor and outdoor environments happens.” Examples of mediated spaces include “semi-open spaces like patios, internal courtyards, semi-closed rooftops, and terraces, as well as transition spaces like corridors, foyers, lobbies, atria, and staircases.” Mediated spaces allow for a shift from formal learning to informal learning.
Several common themes across the six case studies were identified: “the integration of classrooms with outdoor spaces, central staircases as hubs for social interaction, and the incorporation of natural elements.” The findings from the case studies, along with the results of the literature review and the application of biophilic principles, were used to develop eight design guidelines for vertical schools in hot-humid climates. The eight guidelines relate to flexible seating, vibrant space, visual interaction, greening strategies, extendable spaces, personal spaces, shading solutions, and natural interaction.
This study illustrates ways in which the integration of learning theory and biophilic design in vertical schools in hot-humid climates can create learning environments that meet the educational, social, and biophilic needs of students.
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